Social Security spousal benefits: What married, divorced, and widowed Americans need to know
Millions of Americans may be eligible for Social Security spousal benefits—but many don’t realize what they qualify for. Whether you’re married, divorced, or widowed, you could claim monthly payments based on your current or former spouse’s work history.
Here’s a breakdown of how spousal benefits work and how to make sure you get the maximum amount.
What are Social Security spousal benefits?
Spousal benefits allow you to receive up to 50% of your spouse’s Social Security retirement or disability benefit—even if you’ve never worked or paid into the system yourself. These benefits are available to:
- Current spouses
- Divorced spouses (if the marriage lasted at least 10 years)
- Widows and widowers
You must be at least 62 years old to claim spousal benefits, or any age if caring for a qualifying child.
Eligibility for married spouses
To receive spousal benefits as a current spouse:
- Your spouse must already be receiving retirement or disability benefits.
- You must be at least 62 years old.
- Your spousal benefit amount will be up to 50% of your spouse’s full benefit, depending on when you claim.
If you claim before your full retirement age, your benefit will be reduced permanently.
Eligibility for divorced spouses
Divorced spouses may qualify for benefits if:
- The marriage lasted 10 years or longer.
- You are currently unmarried.
- You are age 62 or older.
- Your ex-spouse is eligible for Social Security benefits (they don’t have to be claiming them yet).
Claiming as a divorced spouse does not impact your ex-spouse’s benefits.
Eligibility for widows and widowers
Survivor benefits may be available if your spouse or ex-spouse has passed away. You may qualify for:
- Up to 100% of their benefit amount
- Reduced benefits starting at age 60 (or 50 if disabled)
- Earlier access if caring for the deceased’s minor or disabled child
You may remarry after age 60 (or 50 if disabled) without losing eligibility for survivor benefits.
How to apply for spousal benefits
You can apply for spousal benefits by:
- Creating or logging into your my Social Security account
- Calling the SSA at 1-800-772-1213
- Visiting your local SSA office (appointment recommended)
You’ll need key documents, including:
- Birth certificate
- Marriage certificate or divorce decree
- Social Security numbers for both you and your spouse
- Proof of citizenship or lawful status (if applicable)
Maximize your benefit
To get the highest possible benefit:
- Wait until your full retirement age to avoid a reduced payment.
- Coordinate with your own benefit if you qualify on your own work record—SSA will pay the higher of the two.
- Consider survivor benefits if your spouse is deceased and had a higher earnings record.
Key Takeaway: Spousal and survivor benefits can provide thousands of dollars in additional income. Understanding the eligibility rules for married, divorced, and widowed individuals can help you claim what you’ve earned.